Economy

As we watch the tragedy unfolding in Afghanistan, American forces having spent two decades there, we recognize that there have been bright spots—such as lower child mortality rates, increases in per capita GDP, and improved literacy rates; but amid the current tension, there are many lessons for African leaders to learn. Nation-building requires a strategy

Sino-African relations predate the 21st century, but an increased focus on establishing long-term relationships began in 1996 when then-President, Jiang Zemin, assembled other Chinese dignitaries for bilateral dialogue across the continent. Since 1996, China’s involvement in Africa’s economy, trade, and infrastructure has grown exponentially. For context, the trade volume in 2000 was earmarked at $10.6bn;